Parts of the cell

Cells when you look at them most of them are quite complex and are made up of a lot of parts. There are four important parts: Membrane, Cytoskeleton, Genetic material and its organelles. These parts make up the cell and keep it alive for the duration of it's life. I will talk about each one and what it does.

Membrane: Cells are covered by a cell membrane (plasma membrane) it serves as protection for the cell and separates it from the surrounding environment. This membrane is made up of a double layer of lipids and hydrophilic phosphorus molecules. Inside the membrane are protein molecules which move different molecules in and outside the cell.

Cytoskeleton: The cytoskeleton is what keeps the cells shape up to date, and keeps organelles in place. When a cell grows the cytoskeleton moves the internal structures around to accommodate them to the cells new shape and speed. It controls the cells shape by moving, bunching and aligning filaments.

Genetic material: Two kinds of Genetic materials exist currently, one of them is DNA and the other RNA. Cells use DNA for long term information storage, whilst RNA is used for the transport of information.

Organelles: ( Note: Organelles labeled in RED are only found in Eukaryotes)

Cell nucleus: The place where the cells stores all of its information. (spherical)

Mitochondria and Chloroplast: They are the ones which give energy to the cell. Mitochondria uses oxygen to release energy stored within cellular nutrients, chloroplast uses sunlight. Both of these generate an energy form called ATP.

Endoplastic Reticulum: It is the network where molecules travel along to modify or just get somewhere.

Golgi Apparatus: It processes and packs macromolecules like protein and glucose to be used by the cell.

Ribosome: It's used to synthesize proteins from amino acids, they can be found floating or bound.

Lysosomes and Peroxisomes: Lysosomes have digestive enzymes which digest useless organelles, food and bacteria. Peroxisomes release enzymes to get rid of peroxides which are toxic to the cell.

Centrosome: It produces microtbules which is the most important component of the cytoskeleton. In every animal cell there is only one but some have been found in plant cells.

Vacuoles: Basically the storage area of the cell, it stores food and waste and in some even excess water.